The Four Noble Truths lie at the heart of Buddhist philosophy, offering a profound understanding of human existence. Firstly, they acknowledge the reality of suffering (dukkha) as an inherent aspect of life—physical, emotional, and existential discomfort. 

Secondly, they point to the origin of suffering, which is craving or attachment (tanha), the insatiable thirst for pleasure, possessions, or existence itself. However, the third truth offers hope: suffering can cease. 

By understanding and relinquishing craving, one can attain liberation from suffering, known as nirvana. 

The fourth truth outlines the Noble Eightfold Path, a practical guide for cultivating wisdom, ethical conduct, and mental discipline, leading to the cessation of suffering and the realization of inner peace and enlightenment.